Custom Oligo Modifications
Oligo Modifications
Oligonucleotide modifications involve chemical changes to the nucleotide structure or non-nucleoside molecules to enhance stability, potency, and functionality in various applications. These modifications can be introduced at the 5′, 3′, or internal positions during or post synthesis and serve a variety of purposes, such as enabling detection, modifying annealing behavior, altering physical properties, or providing reactive sites for further conjugation.
While there is no strict limit to the number of modifications, practical considerations like synthesis pathway, oligo complexity, modification sensitivity as well as oligo length typically allow for 1–5 modifications per strand.
Modifications can be introduced during or post synthesis, but their compatibility, impact on synthesis efficiency, and functional effects must be carefully considered. Balancing these factors is essential to producing high quality oligos with multiple modifications suitable for specific applications.
We outline the key considerations on the page: Designing Oligo With Multiple Modifications
Here is a list of commonly available oligo modification options: Chart of Modifications
Please contact us if you require an oligo modification option that is not included in our standard offerings.
Fluorophores and Quenchers
We offer a comprehensive range of fluorescent and quencher modifications for oligosynthesis, including ATTO™, Dyomic, ELITech, LI-COR® dyes, etc. for accurate detection.
Our high quality probes are ideal for qPCR, SNP detection, and other molecular applications, ensuring reliable performance in your research.
Duplex Stabilization
Duplex stabilization refers to modifications that enhance the thermal stability of a double-stranded nucleic acid structure.
This is particularly advantageous in a range of molecular biology applications, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNA, and PCR probes.
Degenerate Bases
In oligo synthesis, ‚degeneration‘ refers to the intentional incorporation of degenerate bases (wobbles) at specific positions in a sequence.
These bases represent a mixture of the four nucleotides (A, T, G, and C) and allow the synthesis of oligonucleotides with variable or mixed sequences at specific positions.
Please refer to our TRImer page for more information on randomization of entire codons.
Click Chemistry
Click chemistry efficiently joins molecular building blocks through fast, high-yield reactions with minimal byproducts.
Nowadays synonymously used with copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition (CuAAC) but technically there are currently three types of reactions which qualify as click reactions: CuAAC, SPAAC and IEDDA.
Amino Modifier
Amino modifiers are chemical modifications that introduce primary amine groups (-NH2) at specific positions of the oligonucleotide.
These modifications can be used for a variety of purposes, including facilitating conjugation with other molecules (e.g., dyes, peptides, or proteins) and enhancing the oligonucleotide’s stability, or attaching oligos to beads and microchip surface.
Spacer
Spacer are mostly non-nucleosidic molecules that are introduced between nucleotides or at the ends of oligonucleotides. They serve a variety of purposes, including adding flexibility to the oligonucleotide, preventing enzymatic degradation, and distancing functional groups or modifications for improved assay performance.
Elongation Blocker
An elongation blocker is a modification that prevents further nucleotide addition to an oligo.
The most effective options are ddC, Spacer C3, rev-dT, rev-dSpacer and Phos, which prevent further elongation by capping or introducing structural changes to the oligonucleotide.
Disulfides and Thiols
Disulfide and thiol modifications are essential in oligo synthesis for the creation of stable or reversible conjugates with molecules such as peptides or lipids, as well as for attachment to solid phases.
Disulfides, which can be reduced to thiols, enable controlled release, while thiols form stable bonds, supporting a variety of research applications.
Custom Modification
We provide custom oligonucleotide synthesis for unique research needs, backed by strong industry connections for specialized building blocks.
Our team of expert chemists carefully evaluates each request to ensure precise design and top-quality synthesis, with detailed quotations provided following careful evaluation.
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