Amino Modifier

Amino modifiers play a critical role in oligonucleotide synthesis, allowing the attachment of various functional molecules such as dyes, biotin, and affinity tags through post-synthetic labeling. These modifications can be introduced at the 5′ or 3′ ends as well as internally, providing flexible customization options to enhance binding affinity, imaging capabilities, and targeted delivery. By extending the functionality of oligonucleotides, amino modifiers provide a reliable and cost-effective solution for a wide range of applications in research, diagnostics and therapeutics.

5' Modifications

Structure Change

Benefits

Amino(C3) , Amino(C6), Amino(C7)
Amino(C12)

Provides linkers of varying length for attaching different molecules

Reduces steric hindrance and improves conjugation efficiency, providing greater flexibility in labeling strategies

Abasic Amine

Introduces an amino group without a nucleobase

Minimizes interference with base pairing and is useful for applications requiring a neutral spacer

Amino6 (PEG1), Amino12(PEG3), Amino18(PEG5)

Incorporates polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacers

This modification can improve water solubility and reduce non-specific interactions

Chemical structure of the 5' Amino C3 modifier, a propyl linker with terminal NH2 on an oligonucleotide

Chemical structure of the 5' Amino C6 modifier, a hexyl linker with terminal amino group on an oligo

Chemical structure of the 5' Amino C12 modifier, a long dodecyl linker with terminal NH2 group on an oligo

Chemical structure of the Amino C7 modifier, a branched linker carrying a primary amine on an oligo

Chemical structure of the AbasicAmine modifier, a pyrrolidine abasic unit with an aminohexanoyl amine

Chemical structure of the 5' Amino6 (PEG1) modifier, an ethylene glycol linker with terminal amino group

Chemical structure of the 5'-Amino12 (PEG3) amino modifier with a triethylene glycol spacer linked via phosphate

Chemical structure of the 5'-Amino18 (PEG5) amino modifier with a pentaethylene glycol spacer linked via phosphate

Internal Modifications

Structure Change

Benefits

Amino(C7)

Provides linkers of varying length for attaching different molecules

These internal modifications allow site-specific labeling within the oligo sequence and minimize disruption of the overall structure

Abasic Amine

Introduces an amino group without a nucleobase

These internal modifications allow site-specific labeling within the oligo sequence and minimize disruption of the overall structure

Amino-C6-dA/dG/dC/dT

Introduces amino groups on specific nucleobases

Provides base-specific labeling options and versatility in designing complex probes

Amino-C2-dT, Aminoallyl-dT

Offers shorter linkers on thymine bases

This modification has minimal impact on duplex stability, and is useful for applications that require close proximity to the DNA backbone

Chemical structure of the internal Amino (C7) modifier with a primary amine side chain between 5' and 3' phosphates

Chemical structure of the AbasicAmine modifier: pyrrolidine backbone carrying an aminohexanoyl amine linker

Chemical structure of Amino-C6-dA, a deoxyadenosine with a C6 amino linker attached at position 8 of the base

Chemical structure of N2-Amino-C6-dG, a deoxyguanosine amino modifier with a C6 amine linker on the N2 position

Chemical structure of Amino-C6-dC, a deoxycytidine amino modifier with a C6 aminohexyl acrylamide linker

Chemical structure of Amino-C6-dT, a thymidine amino modifier with a C6 amine linker within an oligo chain

Chemical structure of Amino-C2-dT, a thymidine amino modifier with a short C2 aminoethyl acrylamide linker

Chemical structure of 5-Aminoallyl-dT, a thymidine amino modifier with an aminoallyl group at the 5 position

3' Modifications

Structure Change

Benefits

Amino(C6), Amino(C7)

Provides linkers of varying length for attaching different molecules

This modification reduces steric hindrance and improves conjugation efficiency, providing greater flexibility in labeling strategies. It also protects against exonuclease degradation.

Abasic Amine

Introduces an amino group without a nucleobase

Minimizes interference with base pairing and is useful for applications requiring a neutral spacer. It also protects against exonuclease degradation.

Chemical structure of the 3'-Amino (C6) modifier, a six-carbon chain ending in a primary amine at the oligo 3' end

Chemical structure of the internal Amino (C7) amino modifier with a primary amine side chain on the backbone

Chemical structure of the AbasicAmine amino modifier with a pyrrolidine backbone and aminohexanoyl linker

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