Backbone and Directionality
The chemical modification of the backbone in oligonucleotide synthesis is a process that involves altering the phosphate backbone
in order to enhance stability, resistance to nuclease, and binding affinity.
Backbone Modification
Different backbone modifications can be achieved by either use of specialized building blocks, this is mainly true for the different sugars, or by use of alternative oxidation agents during P(III) to P(V) step of the synthesis cycle.
Methyl-phosphonates as well as Phosphorodithioates (on special request) are only available via a combination of building block and oxidation.
Sugar Modification Option
Backbone Modification Option
DNA (A/G/C/T)
Phosphodiester (PO), Phosphorothioate (PTO/PS),
Methyl- phosphonate (MP), Mesyl-phosphonates (µ/MsPA),
Phosphoryl Guanidine (PG or PN)
RNA (rA/rG/rC/rU)
Phosphodiester (PO), Phosphorothioate (PTO/PS),
Mesyl-phosphonates (µ/MsPA ),
Phosphoryl Guanidine (PG or PN)
2’O-Methyl-RNA (oA/oG/oC/o(mC)/oU)
Phosphodiester (PO), Phosphorothioate (PTO/PS),
Mesyl-phosphonates (µ/MsPA),
Phosphoryl Guanidine (PG or PN)
2’O-Methoxyethyl-RNA (eA/eG/e(mC)/eT)
Phosphodiester (PO), Phosphorothioate (PTO/PS),
Mesyl- phosphonates (µ/MsPA),
Phosphoryl Guanidine (PG or PN)
2’Fluoro-RNA (fA/fG/fC/fU)
Phosphodiester (PO), Phosphorothioate (PTO/PS),
Mesyl-phosphonates (µ/MsPA),
Phosphoryl Guanidine (PG or PN)
LNA bases (+A/+(mC)/+G/+T)
Phosphodiester (PO), Phosphorothioate (PTO/PS),
Mesyl-phosphonates (µ/MsPA),
Phosphoryl Guanidine (PG or PN)
Please contact us if you require a modification that is not included in our standard offerings.
Directionality
Regular phosphoramidite based oligo synthesis is done in 3′ -> 5′ direction. Change of synthesis direction offers additional functionality and enables synthetic pathways to modifications otherwise inaccessible.
3' -> 5'
5' -> 3'
DNA (A/G/C/T)
reverse DNA (A/G/C/T)
RNA (rA/rG/rC/rU)
reverse RNA (rA/rG/rC/rU)
2’O-Methyl-RNA (oA/oG/oC/o(mC)/oU)
On request
2’O-Methoxyethyl-RNA (eA/eG/e(mC)/eT)
On request
2’Fluoro-RNA (fA/fG/fC/fU)
On request
LNA bases (+A/+(mC)/+G/+T)
reverse LNA (+A/+mC/+G/+T)
Please inquire if you have a need for a directionality modification that is not part of our standard offerings.
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